THE ACHIEVEMNETS OF THE RIGHTLY
GUIDED CALIPHS THAT PLACED THE MUSLIM WORLD ON THE GOLDEN AGE AND MADE IT TO BECOME
WHAT IT IS TODAY.
The rightly guide worked
rigorously to maintained the faith from collapsing and ensure their blue print
remain in the history book of the world for laying modern Islamic world, and
that their name remain a soothing and generational hymn that cannot be done
away it. Because of their contributions, in all honest, when you have a robust
brain about Islam, when you say Prophet Muhammad, the next word that would come
out of your mouth is the Caliphs. Their achievement is so loud and remarkable
and some of their achievements are as follows from one caliph era to another
one till the era came to an end.
CALIPH ABUBAKAR BN SADIQ (632-634)
Early Life of Abu Bakr and His
Islamisation
According to Yusuf and et. al ( 2012: 9) Abu Bakr (R.A) was
born in 573CE shortly after the Year of Elephant into a respectable family of Banu Tamīm a branch of Quraysh tribe. He
was two years younger than the Prophet
Muhammad (S). His name in Pre-Islamic days was Axbu `l-Ka‘b. On conversion to
Islam, he was named
Abdullah. His patroniymic “Kunyah” nickname Abu Bakr became so famous
that it overshadowed other names including his real name. His father’s name was
‘Uthmān Abu Quhāfah. His mother Salmah was popularly
known by her (Kunyah) nickname as Ummu `l-Khayr. Abubakar being the
founder.
Abu Bakr’s Achievement and Distinctions
After the death of Prophet Muhammad in the
city of Medina, According to yusuf and et.
al ( 2012:19), Abu Bakr, the most trusted Companion of the Prophet and the
savior of Islam, assumed office of Caliph at the most crucial moment in Islam
history. After the death of the Holy Prophet Muhammad (S) Abu Bakr, through
undaunted spirit gave a new life to Islam. He is the first caliph, the best
friend of Prophet Muhammad and his father in law. He thus became one of the
great forces in the world. He crushed all the futile powers that threatened
Islam in its infancy. He together with other great champions of Islamic
revolution within shortest time brought about the greatest social, political
and economic changes in the history of humanity.
Abu Bakr was an embodiment of humility,
kindness, generosity, piety and chivalry. One of his sayings is, “Cultivate
humility, greatness will follow you. Aspire for death (in a noble cause); life
will be conferred upon you.” Abu Bakr maintained high moral standard which was
laid down by the Prophet so much that when he appointed. ‘Umar as the grand Qādī, no single complaint was lodged with
him for full one year. This was so, because people had been purged of all the
immoralities of the pre–Islamic days and had imbibed honesty in their spiritual
and social life. Later historians never mince words when paying eloquent
tributes to the services, character and achievements of Abu Bakr.
Other
achievements of his include:
1.
Spread
of Islam outside Arabian borders
2.
Compilation
of the Holy Qur’ān
3.
Democratisation
of governance through “Shūrā” consultation
4.
Consideration
of people of high merit when appointing to offices
5.
Personal
supervision of office and strict administration
6.
Establishment
of Public Treasury (Baytu`l Māl) and administration of revenue
7.
Administration
of the Army and its division into battalions
8.
Preaching
of Islam with wisdom and best admonition
9.
Appointment
of Judges and administration of Justice1
10.
Division
of Arabian Peninsula into various provinces for administrative convenience and
host of others.
These contributions of Abu-Bakr to the
Islamic world made it to stand as a foundation stone upon which all other
Caliphs and dynasty build and reform. His achievement reshaped the Muslim
community to be formidable after the death of the Prophet
Yusuf (2012:20) stated that, Abu Bakr
followed closely the footsteps of his master Prophet Muhammad in all the
affairs. Thus, he laid down the foundation of a true Islamic Republic upon full
democratic principles. His reign was
short but after Muhammad (S) himself there is none to whom the faith was
dearer.” His Caliphate lasted two years.
On receiving the articles ‘Umar his successor burst into tears saying
“Abu Bakr: You have made the task of your successor extremely difficult”. His
death led to the emergence of another caliph in the person of Caliph Umar.
REFERENCES.
1)
Abdal-raham a (1952) Islam and
nationalism, Baghdad.
2)
Alghazali ( 1980) the alchemy of
happiness, London
3)
Adams charlse c. (1993) Islam and
modernization in Egypt London.
4)
Islamic article copy writes. (c) 2019.
5)
Martin r (2001) approaches to Islam in
religious studies. Oxford.
6)
Renard j. (1996) seven doors to Islam,
Berkeley.
7)
Reza a( 2005 no god but god. Random
house, new york.
8)
www.quranreading.com
28 september 2018
9)
Yusuf
and et. al( 2012) the rightly guided
and the ummyads national open university of Nigeria press. Wuse II Abuja.
Nigeria.
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